String Functions and Conversions
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The following table assumes A$="HOTDOG".
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Operator
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Meaning
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Example
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Result
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&
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Concatenation
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"HOT"&"DOG"
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"HOTDOG"
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[s]
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Sub-string, start
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A$[4]
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"DOG"
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[s,e]
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Sub-string, start, end
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A$[1,3]
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"HOT"
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[s;l]
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Sub-string, start, length
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A$[2;4]
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"OTDO"
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COMMAND$
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Command line
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COMMAND$
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"-O -Z 2"
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CVT$
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Converts alphabets
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CVT$(X$,Y$)
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|
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ENVIRON$
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Environment variable
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ENVIRON$("PATH")
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"C:\;C:\WINDOWS"
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FBYTE
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Test for First byte
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FBYTE(X$)
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0 or 1
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LEN
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Present length
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LEN("AB")
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2
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LWC$
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Lowercase
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LWC$("AB")
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"ab"
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MAXLEN
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Dimensioned length
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MAXLEN(A$)
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18
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POS
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Position of a sub-string
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POS("AB","B")
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2
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REV$
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Reverse
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REV$("AB")
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"BA"
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RPT$
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Repeat
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RPT$("AB",3)
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"ABABAB"
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SBYTE
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Test for Second byte
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SBYTE(X$)
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0 or 1
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TRIM$
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Trim lead/trailing space
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TRIM$(" A B ")
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"A B"
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UPC$
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Uppercase
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UPC$("ab")
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"AB"
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A substring defines a portion of a string variable or string array element. This capability replaces the RIGHT$, LEFT$, MID$, REP$, and SEG$ functions of other Basics. A sub-string is selected by specifying a starting position within the string value, and optionally, either the length of the sub-string or the ending position within the string value. If only the starting position is specified, the rest of the string value from that point on is used for the sub-string. String positions are one-based, i.e., the first character of a string is in position one.
Numeric/String conversions can operate either on ASCII character values (i.e. CHR$(65)) or string representations of numbers (i.e. "65").
|
Operator
|
Meaning
|
Example
|
Result
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CINT
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Real to integer
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CINT(16.0)
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16
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CMPLX
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Real/integer to complex
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CMPLX(2,1)
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2+i
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CHR$
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Numeric to ASCII string
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CHR$(65)
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"A"
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DVAL
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Base N to base 10 (32 bit)
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DVAL("A",16)
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10
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DVAL$
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Base 10 to base N (32 bit)
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DVAL$(11,16)
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"B"
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&H
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Hexadecimal constant
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&H10
|
16
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IVAL
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Base N to base 10 (16 bit)
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IVAL("A",16)
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10
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IVAL$
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Base 10 to base N (16 bit)
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IVAL$(11,16)
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"B"
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NUM
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ASCII character to numeric
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NUM("A")
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65
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&O
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Octal constant
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&O20
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16
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REAL
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Integer/complex to real
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REAL(16)
|
16.0
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VAL
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String to numeric
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VAL("65")
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65
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VAL$
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Numeric to string
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VAL$(65)
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"65"
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